In this state, every person has a natural right to do anything one thinks necessary for preserving one's own life, and life is "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short" (Leviathan, Chapters XIIIâXIV). Hobbes described this natural condition with the Latin phrase (bellum omnium contra omnes) meaning "war of all against all", in De Cive. War is armed combat between two or more countries or between different groups of people within the same country. As the soul singer Edwin Starr asked, "War! Huh! What is it good for?" Just war theory deals with the justification of how and why wars are fought. The justification can be either theoretical or historical. The theoretical aspect is concerned with ethically justifying war and the forms that warfare may or may not take. The historical aspect, or the âjust war tradition,â deals with the historical body of rules
Abstract. âWar made the state, and the state made warâ is Charles Tillyâs famous dictum that has become highly influential both in comparative macrosociology and in International Relations. An extensive literature suggests that this mechanism has played a pivotal role in European processes of state formation.
Definition: Conflicts involving groups of people united by common beliefs, aims, or territory that fight to establish an independent country. Example: In the American Civil War, southern slaveholding states attempted to break away from the United States and form a new countryâthe Confederate States of Americaâwhere slavery would remain legal. jihad, (Arabic: âstruggleâ or âeffortâ) in Islam, a meritorious struggle or effort. The exact meaning of the term jihÄd depends on context; it has often been erroneously translated in the West as âholy war.â. Jihad, particularly in the religious and ethical realm, primarily refers to the human struggle to promote what is right and
In his introduction to "War and the Intellectuals" (1964) -- a collection of Randolph Bourne's essays -- editor Carl Resek explains the meaning of Bourne's famous saying, 'War is the Health of the state,' coined in response to America's participation in World War I. Resek writes, "In its proper place it [the saying] meant that mindless power
